Ragam Lagu Nusantara
PENGERTIAN MUSIK DAERAH.
Ragam musik di Indonesia dapat dibedakan atas musik tradisi, musik keroncong, musik dangdut, musik perjuangan, dan musik pop.
Musik Daerah/Tradisional
Musik daerah atau musik tradisional adalah musik yang lahir dan berkembang di daerah- daerah di seluruh Indonesia. Ciri khas pada jenis musik ini teletak pada isi lagu dan instrumen (alat musiknya). Musik tradisi memiliki karakteristik khas, yakni syair dan melodinya menggunakan bahasa dan gaya daerah setempat. Indonesia adalah sebuah negara yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau yang terbentang dari Papua hingga Aceh. Dari sekian banyaknya pulau beserta dengan masyarakatnya tersebut lahir, tumbuh dan berkembang. Seni tradisi yang merupakan identitas, jati diri, media ekspresi dari masyarakat pendukungnya.
Hampir diseluruh wilayah Indonesia mempunyai seni musik tradisional yang khas. Keunikan tersebut bisa dilihat dari teknik permainannya, penyajiannya maupun bentuk/organologi instrumen musiknya. Hampir seluruh seni tradisional Indonesia mempunyai semangat kolektivitas yang tinggi sehingga dapat dikenali karakter khas orang/masyarakat Indonesia, yaitu ramah dan sopan. Namun berhubung dengan perjalanan waktu dan semakin ditinggalkanya spirit dari seni tradisi tersebut, karekter kita semakin berubah dari sifat yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kebersamaan menjadi individual/egoistis. begitu banyaknya seni tradisi yang dimiliki bangsa Indonesia, maka untuk lebih mudah mengenalinya dapat di golongkan menjadi beberapa kelompok yaitu alat musik/instrumen perkusi, petik dan gesek.
I. Instrumen Musik Perkusi.
Perkusi adalah sebutan bagi semua instrumen musik yang teknik permainannya di pukul, baik menggunakan tangan maupun stik. Dalam hal ini beberapa instrumen musik yang tergolong dalam alat musik perkusi adalah, Gamelan, Arumba, Kendang, kolintang, tifa, talempong, rebana, bedug, jimbe dan lain sebagainya.
Gamelan adalah alat musik yang terbuat dari bahan logam. Gamelan berasal dari daerah Jawa Tengah, DI. Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur juga di Jawa Barat yang biasa disebut dengan Degung dan di Bali (Gamelan Bali). Satu perangkat gamelan terdiri dari instrumen saron, demung, gong, kenong, slenthem, bonang dan beberapa instrumen lainnya. Gamelan mempunyai nada pentatonis/pentatonic.
Talempong adalah seni musik tradisi dari Minangkabau/Sumatera Barat. Talempong adalah alat musik bernada diatonis (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)
Kolintang atau kulintang berasal dari daerah Minahasa/ Sulawesi Utara. Kolintang mempunyai tangga nada diatonis/diatonic yang semua instrumennya terdiri dari bas, melodis dan ritmis. Bahan dasar untuk membuat kulintang adalah kayu. Cara untuk memainkan alat musik ini di pukul dengan menggunakan stik.
Arumba (alunan rumpun bambu) berasal dari daerah Jawa Barat. Arumba adalah alat musik yang terbuat dari bhan bambu yang di mainkan dengan melodis dan ritmis. Pada awalnya arumba menggunakan tangga nada pentatonis namun dalam perkembangannya menggunakan tangga nada diatonis.
Kendang adalah sejenis alat musik perkusi yang membrannya berasal dari kulit hewan. Kendang atau gendang dapat dijumpai di banyak wilayah Indonesia. Di Jawa barat kendang mempunyai peraanan penting dalam tarian Jaipong. Di Jawa Tengah, Bali, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa timur kendang selalu digunakan dalam permainan gamelan baik untuk mengiringi, tari, wayang, ketoprak. Tifa adalah alat musik sejenis kendang yang dapat di jumpai di daerah Papua, Maluku dan Nias. Rebana adalah jenis gendang yang ukuran bervariasai dari yang kecil hingga besar. Rebana adalah alat musik yang biasa di gunakan dalam kesenian yang bernafaskan Islam. Rebana dapat di jumpai hampir di sebagian wilayah Indonesia.
Variety of Songs NusantaraDEFINITION OF LOCAL MUSIC.Variety of music in Indonesia can be divided into traditional music, keroncong, dangdut music, fight music, and pop music.Local Music / TraditionalFolk music or traditional music is the music that was born and developed in areas throughout Indonesia. Characteristic of this type of music in the contents teletak song and instrument (musical instrument). Musical traditions have distinctive characteristics, namely poetry and melodies using the local languages and styles. Indonesia is a country made up of thousands of islands stretching from Papua to Aceh. Of the many islands along with the society was born, grow and thrive. Art tradition that is identity, identity, media expressions of community supporters.In nearly all parts of Indonesia has a distinctive traditional music. The uniqueness can be seen from his playing technique, presentation and form / organological musical instruments. Almost
all traditional Indonesian art has a high collective spirit so that it
can recognize the distinctive character of the person / people of
Indonesia, which is friendly and courteous. However,
since the passage of time and the ditinggalkanya spirit of the
tradition art, we karekter increasingly changing from nature that
upholds values of togetherness into individual / selfish. so
many artistic traditions of the Indonesian nation, it is much easier to
recognize it can be classified into several groups: musical instruments
/ percussion instruments, stringed and friction.I. Percussion instruments.Percussion is the designation for all the techniques of playing musical instruments at the time, either by hand or stick. In
this case some musical instruments belonging to the percussion
instruments is, Gamelan, Arumba, Kendang, kolintang, drums, talempong,
tambourine, drum, jimbe and others.Gamelan is a musical instrument made of metal. Gamelan from Central Java, DI. Yogyakarta, East Java, West Java also commonly called the gamelan and in Bali (Balinese Gamelan). The device consists of gamelan instruments saron, demung, gong, kenong, slenthem, bonang and several other instruments. Gamelan has pentatonic melodies / pentatonic.Talempong is the art music tradition of the Minangkabau / Sumatra West. Talempong is pitched diatonic instrument (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)Kolintang or kulintang originated from Minahasa region / North Sulawesi. Kolintang have diatonic scales / diatonic instruments are all made up of bass, melodic and rhythmic. The basic ingredients for making kulintang is wood. How to play this instrument in time by using a stick.Arumba (bamboo strains) originated from West Java. Arumba is a musical instrument made of bamboo bhan played with melodic and rhythmic. At first arumba using pentatonic scales but in its development using diatonic scales.Drums are kind of percussion instrument which comes from animal skin membrane. Drums or drum can be found in many parts of Indonesia. In west Java drums have important peraanan Jaipong. In
Central Java, Bali, Yogyakarta, East Java drums used in the game is
always good to accompany the gamelan, dance, puppets, Ketoprak. Tifa is a kind of musical instrument drum that can be encountered in the area of Papua, Maluku and Nias. Tambourine is a type of drum that size varies throughout from small to large. Tambourine is a musical instrument commonly used in the art having Islamic. Tambourine can be encountered in almost all parts of Indonesia.II. Pick Musical InstrumentsLute is a stringed musical instrument from West Java. Organological lute shape is on top of a wooden box lined strings / strings, wooden box is useful as a resonator. Musical instrument resembling a lute are zither from central Java.Sasando
is a stringed musical instrument derived from Nusa southeast region
east (East) harp is made of bamboo with a given string / strings while
resonasinya made of woven palm leaves that have a half-sphere shape.Sampek (until / sapek) is a musical instrument resembling a guitar comes from Kalimantan region. This musical instrument made of wood is filled with ornaments / carvings are beautiful. Other stringed instruments resembling sampek is Hapetan Tapanuli, Jungga of South Sulawesi.III. Stringed Musical Instruments.Traditional musical instrument which uses techniques swiped game is Trigon. Trigon comes from western Java, Central Java, Jakarta (Betawi arts). Rebabb made of wood and covered with a thin skin resonator, has two strings / strings and have the pentatonic scales. Other
traditional musical instrument which has the form Ohyan the fiddle is
made from coconut shell resonator, fiddle this type can be found in
Bali, Java and South Kalimantan.IV. Inflatable Musical InstrumentsThe flute is a wind instrument made of bamboo. almost all regions in Indonesia can be found this instrument. Saluang is a wind instrument from West Sumatra, flute can be found in North Sumatra, Kalimantan. Lembang distilled from Toraja region has between 40-100cm long with a diameter of 2cm.Tarompet, serompet, bugle is a type of wind instrument that has a tone and a 4-6 hole to blow into a funnel-shaped portion. Art music tradition using instruments like these are folk art Tapanuli, West Java, East Java, Madura, Papua.Music KeroncongIn general, keroncong music has harmony and improvisation music is very limited. Generally, the songs have the same shape and structure. Poems consist of several sentences (generally 7 sentences) are interspersed with musical instrument game.Music DangdutDangdut
music is the result of a blend of Indian music with Malay music, the
music evolved and displays distinctive characteristics and distinct with
its roots music. Characteristic of this music lies in the punch instrument tabla (a type of percussion instrument that produces sound ndut). In addition, light rhythm, thus encouraging singers and listeners to work the limbs. The song was easy to digest, so it is not hard to be accepted by society.Music StruggleThis music was born from the condition of Indonesian society that is being colonized by foreign nations. By using music, the fighters trying to rekindle the spirit of unity to rise up against the invaders. Poems
that were created at that time, generally contain a call to fight,
solicitation untui sacrifice for the homeland, and so on. Rhythm of the music was made quickly and spirit, and topped with vibrant.Popular music (pop)The music is characterized by, among others, the use of rhythm that feels free to put the game drum and bass guitar. Composition melodinyajuga easily digested. Usually, the musicians also added a diverse variety of styles to add interest and appreciation of listeners or viewers. Pop music pop music can be divided into children and adult pop music.ConclusionArchipelago music is music that developed in the entire archipelago, which shows the characteristic ness. Music
has the function of ritual as a means or media, entertainment media
medium of self-expression, communication media, dance accompaniment, and
economic means. Variety
of music growing archipelago can be divided into traditional music,
keroncong, dangdut music, fight music, and pop music.
